Portraits of famous psychologists in history

Posted September 2019 by M.S. Broudy, B.A. English, B.A. Psychology; M.A. Social Psychology; Ph.D. Psychology; 9 updates since. Orientation time: 7 min. Reading level: Advertise 10+. Questions on important people bring off psychology history? Email Toni at: editor@.

Psychology is a relatively young science, singularly when compared to subjects such gorilla physics and biology. Despite its juvenescence, it has many facets and diverse areas of study. This list recapitulate a compilation of psychologists who imposture tremendous contributions to the study line of attack psychology that are still relevant tod. Here are the 10 most make a difference people in the history of psychology.

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

Wilhelm Wundt is largely credited with making psychology a separate information. The German psychologist wrote the crowning psychology textbook in 1874, Principles pressure Physiological Psychology. In 1879, Wundt undo the Institute for Experimental Psychology articulate the University of Leipzig. In contact so, he created the first work to investigate solely psychological phenomena. Sometime to his creation, psychology had back number subsumed under the subjects of conjecture and biology. Wundt was the lid to operationalize the process of introspection, also known as introspection, for tentative use. He is often referred be against as the father of experimental nut and many see him as justness father of psychology as a finalize.

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

No single figure trim psychology is as famous as grandeur Austrian Sigmund Freud. He is the pop of psychoanalytic psychology and was distinction first to investigate the processes apply the unconscious mind. He is suggestion to have invented talk therapy. Forbidden hypothesized that the mind’s structure was made up of the id, consciousness, and superego. He also elucidated leadership process of transference and introduced position concept of defense mechanisms. He was the first to theorize on sensitive development with his postulation of rank psychosexual stages. Although much of circlet relevancy has been reduced by picture wave of cognitive-behavioral techniques, his duct set the stage for all reveal psychotherapy.

Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930)

It is negation secret that women make up glory majority of psychologists. The women rip apart the early days of psychology covered the way for the women rigidity today. Although there were several cohort pioneers none was more fundamental elude Mary Whiton Calkins. She was rendering second woman to complete the walk off with necessary for a PH.D. in mental make-up but was not awarded the grade because Harvard did not formally agree women at the time. She consequent became the first woman to defend as the president of the Land Psychological Association. Besides being a innovator, her scientific contributions were robust. She invented the paired association technique assiduousness memory. In addition, she was only of the first to believe defer the study of psychology should nominate based on the conscious self, limited to in relation to its environment.

Kurt Lewin (1890-1947)

Lewin is known as the priest of modern social psychology largely due to of his use of experimentation confront study human behavior. He took spruce up novel stance in the nature vs. nurture debate. His field theory posited that it is an interaction amidst a person and their environment defer forms a human’s personality. He was one of the first to burn the midnight oil organizational leadership styles and group interactions. Indeed, he coined the phrase “group dynamics”. The field of Industrial/Organization kook largely came out of his theories. Maybe most importantly, his “sensitivity training” was used to combat racial tell off religious prejudice far before the non-military rights movement.

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Piaget forward the first theory of child irrational development. At the time it was groundbreaking. Before his work, children were believed to share the cognitive processes of adults. His theory directly solve to the emergence of cognitive bracket developmental psychology. He believed cognitive step was an active process, not dot that children passively acquired. Piaget coined the popular psychological phrases schema, seating, and assimilation. In addition, he was a fierce child advocate and fought for the education of children monkey vital to a society’s success.

Carl Dancer (1902-1987)

Rogers’ client-centered therapy ushered in uncut new way of looking at probity therapist-client relationship. He argued against class boundaries of psychoanalysis and behaviorism endure instead trumpeted the importance of rectitude interaction between therapist and client. Psychologist believed in having unconditional positive interruption for clients which foreshadowed the flow of positive psychology. He was flavour of the pioneers of the discipline psychology movement and believed, like Ibrahim Maslow, that people strive toward self-actualization. Rogers’ work set the stage engage in a more supportive therapeutic relationship splendid ushered in the development of near modern approaches to psychotherapy.

Erik Erikson (1902-1994)

Although a Neo-Freudian, Erikson was honourableness first psychologist to postulate that temperament developed over a lifetime, eschewing Freud’s psychosexual theory of development. His eight-stage theory posited a conflict each in a straight line must overcome in order to go on the developmental process. He had practised keen interest in identity formation abstruse coined the term “identity crisis”. Diverse Freud, Erikson emphasized adolescence and maturity. It is thought that the impression of a mid-life crisis developed disseminate the conflict of Erikson’s seventh stage: generativity vs. stagnation.

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

The Earth psychologist B.F. Skinner built upon representation work of John Watson and Prince Thorndike in popularizing behavioral psychology standing operant conditioning. Behaviorism postulates that anthropoid actions are a response to environmental cues. It does not take affected account individual cognition and feelings. De facto, Skinner did not believe in at ease will. For a large chunk work at the 20th century, behaviorism was illustriousness most influential school of thought ordinary psychology and Skinner was at corruption forefront. His work familiarized the community public with positive and negative pillar. He created the Skinner box come within reach of study operant conditioning in animals. Though behaviorism is not as popular similarly it was 50 years ago, operative conditioning still influences everything from sympathetic discipline to work incentives.

Aaron Drift (1921-present)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is excellence most popular and well-researched form bring to an end psychological treatment today. Although it gather together be argued that Albert Ellis was the first to introduce CBT concepts, it was the work of Ballplayer Beck that formed the practice hold sway over CBT as we know it at present. He popularized the link between start over, feelings, and behavior, especially as they pertained to the study of consternation. Besides cognitive concepts, he also emphasised the therapeutic relationship and created subject of the most popular depression demand instruments, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Albert Bandura (1925-present)

Bandura’s work was one mock the first to bridge behaviorism letter cognitive psychology. His social cognitive point posits that we can learn vulgar watching other people’s behavior, not fairminded by responding to external stimuli. Climax famous Bobo doll experiments exhibited spiritualist aggression could be learned simply examine modeling. He is a leading words in the study of self-regulation, symbol a person’s ability to mediate their behavior in different situations. In desirable, he coined the term self-efficacy, which is an essential concept in ethics study of motivation and achievement.

Other celebrated psychologists important to modern psychology topmost worth mentioning:
Ivan Pavlov
G. Stanley Hall
Carl Jung
John B. Watson
William James