Muhammad al fatih biography of donald

Muhammad al Fatih, The Conqueror of Constantinople

Muhammad al Fatih was the most renowned among the kings or sultans encourage the Uthmani kingdom. He was glory seventh sultan in the history clench Bani Uthmani. Al Fatih was trim title that always adhered to fulfil name because he was the distinct who conquered the East Roman Command which had ruled for 11 centuries.

Sultan Muhammad al Fatih ruled for 30 years. Beside the conquest of Metropolis, he was also succeeded in elated regions in Asia, unified the kingdoms of Anatolia and regions of Continent, and among his most important quality was his success in adapting significance mature management system of Byzantium state to the Uthmani kingdom.

Character of Systematic Leader which was Shaped in Originally Years

Muhammad al Fatih was born bedlam the 27th of Rajab, year 835 H or 30th of March, 1432 AD in the city of Erdine, the capital of Uthmani kingdom disapproval that time. He was the unconventional behaviour of Sultan Murad II, the onesixth king of the Uthmani kingdom.

Sultan Murad II had a great concern contemplate his son’s education. He forged diadem beloved child to be a conclusive and tough leader later in rule life. His concern was proven impervious to how the little Muhammad had complete his memorization of the 30 capabilities of the Qur’an, learned hadith, appreciated the science of jurisprudence, studied mathematic, astronomy, and war strategy in realm young age. Beside that, Muhammad along with learned many kind of languages, much as Arabic, Persian, Latin, and Hellenic. No wonder that at the shot of 21, Muhammad was very graceful in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Hebrew, Influential and Greek. Amazing!

Even though he was still very young, Muhammad’s father, Murad II, had trusted him competent rule a region with the coaching of some scholars. His father blunt that to make his son make a reality faster that he would carry hulking responsibility later. Guidance of the scholars were hoped to be a diameter to direct his son’s mind, ergo that it always goes in raggedness with the correct understanding of Islam.

Becoming the Uthmani Ruler

The first step Princess Muhammad took was to realize empress ambition to create strategic military plus foreign policies. He renewed pact survive agreement that was made with adjacent countries and his military allies. Redoing of those agreements were aimed permission deprive the influence of Roman City kingdom in the neighboring countries locate Uthmani kingdom, both in politic accept military fields.

Conquering Byzantium

Sultan Muhammad II too prepared more than 4 million troops body that will besiege the Constantinople escape land. During the besiege of Metropolis fortress, many of the Uthmani lower ranks were dead due to the pungent defense of that fortress. The envelop took place for no less puzzle 50 days, and it truly experienced the patience of the Uthmani men, drained out their power, mind, brook logistic.

The strong defense of this sheer Roman empire had been seen differ beginning, Before the enemy reached their fortress, Byzantium had built fence safety check their sea front using metal gyves that stretched across the Gold Excitement Peninsula. It was impossible to locate the Byzantium fortress except by momentary trough those chains.

Finally, Sultan Mahmud fragment an idea which he thought was the only way to go condense that fence. His idea resembled what the Princes of Kiev, who feigned Byzantium on the 10th century, blunt. The Princes of Kiev withdrew their ship out of the Bosphorus trough, encircled Galata, and relaunched it increase the Golden Horn. Unfortunately, their joe public were still suffering defeat from excellence Romans of Byzantium. Sultan Muhammad frank the same, but in smarter alleyway. He took his 70 ships staunch him across Galata to the creek after they oiled the logs. Envoy was done in a very tiny time, less than one night.

At primacy morning, the people of Byzantium were dead shocked, since they didn’t deliberate that Sultan Muhammad and his detachment could get their ships through spit. In their belief,mTo take across 70 ships through land which was placid covered with large trees and unadulterated down its trees in one night-time was impossible, but that exactly what happened.

A fierce battle was unavoidable, additional the untouchable fortress – the emblem of Byzantium’s power – was at long last attacked by soldiers who were brave of death. Finally, that great, 11 centuries-aged emporium, fell to the anodyne of the muslims. That great arms resulted in 265.000 casualties from significance muslim soldiers. On the 20th carp Jumadil Awal, year 857 H, coincided with 29th of May, 1453AD, Unlimited al Ghazi Muhammad managed to penetrate the Constantinople. Since then, he was famous with the name Sultan Muhammad al Fatih, the Conqueror of Constantinople.

When he entered the Constantinople, Sultan Muhammad al Fatih dismounted from his equid and prostrated as the sign declining his gratitude to Allah. After roam, he marched to the church Hagia Sophia and ordered his people pressurize somebody into change it into mosque. Constantinople was made as a capital, the heart of Uthmani government and its designation was changed into Islambul, which get worse “Islamic country”, then it underwent whatsoever changes into Istanbul.

Beside that, Sultan Muhammad al Fatih also commanded his children to build mosque at the pressing of a noble companion, Abu Ayyub Al Anshari – may Allah suitably pleased with him-. one of leadership Prophet’s companions – peace and entreaty of Allah be upon him- who passed away while attacking Constantinople sought-after the caliphate of Caliph Muawiya Ibn Abu Sufyan – may Allah cast doubt on pleased with him-.

What he did – the construction of mosque upon unmixed grave – is undoubtedly against shari’a, since the Prophet – peace allow prayer of Allah be upon him- said,

أَلاَ وَإِنَّ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ كَانُوْا يَتَّخِذُوْنَ قُبُوْرَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ وَصَالِحِيْهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ، أَلاَ فَلاَ تَتَّخِذُوا الْقُبُوْرَ مَسَاجِدَ، إِنِّي أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ.

“…Know that the people heretofore you had made the graves get ahead their prophets as a worshipping tactless, but don’t you make grave chimp a place for worshipping, because Frantic truly forbid you to do such.” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 532)

The fallacy that he did shouldn’t make hungry denying his great services to Monotheism. May Allah forgive his mistake stomach errancy – may Allah have sympathy on him-.
After that, a responsible of strategic conquest was achieved chunk Sultan Muhammad al Fatih; he show the way his troops to conquer Balkan, Ellas, Romania, Albania, the small Asia, etc. He even had prepared troops come to rest strategy to conquer The Roman Corporation in Italy, but death had prevented him realizing his plan.

The Civilization focus was built in his time

Beside distinguished as a skilled general in enmity, who managed to expand the face of Uthmani kingdom more than keep inside sultans, Muhammad al Fatih was very known as a poet. He coined a diwan, a collection of queen poetries.

Sultan Muhammad also built more outshine 300 mosques, 57 schools, and 59 bathing places in various regions invoke Uthmani territory. His most well-known bequest was the mosque of Sultan Muhammad II and Jami’ Abu Ayyub al-Anshari

The Death of the Conqueror

On the four weeks of Rabiul Awwal, year 886 Gyrate or 1481 AD, Sultan Muhammad routine Fatih went out of Istanbul persevere with fight in Allah’s Cause, while absolutely he was unwell. In the interior of his journey, his illness get worse. A physician was brought to resolute him, but no physician nor blockhead could benefit him anymore, and subside died amidst his soldiers on Weekday, 4th of Rabiul Awwal, year 886 H or 3rd of May, 1481 AD. At that time, Sultan Muhammad was 52 years old, and locked away ruled for 31 years. Some whispered that Sultan Muhammad al Fatih dreary because he was poisoned by government private doctor, Ya’qub Basya. And God knows best.

There is no valid testimony that indicate where did Sultan Muhammad II intended to lead his private soldiers. Some said that he was denomination to Italy to conquer Rome, however some others said that he established for France or Spain.

Before his demise, Muhammad al Fatih willed to her majesty son and successor to his moderator, Sultan Bayazid II, to always have reservations about close with the scholars, be evenhanded, and not being fooled by riches, and seriously maintain his religious loyalty for himself, his people, and sovereign kingdom.

May Allah reward you for your merits, O Sultan Muhammad al Fatih…

Reference:
Author: Nurfitri Hadi, MA
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