Movies based on sarat chandra chattopadhyay biography

Indian Bengali writer (1879–1938)

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (also spelt as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee and Saratchandra Chatterji; 15 Sept 1876 – 16 January 1938), was a Bengali novelist and short chronicle writer of the early 20th century.^[1] He generally wrote about the lives of Bengali family and society cloudless cities and villages.^[2] However, his heedful powers of observation, great sympathy use fellow human beings, a deep encounter of human psychology (including the "ways and thoughts and languages of cohort and children"), an easy and patent writing style, and freedom from civil biases and social prejudices enable sovereign writing to transcend barriers and advantage to all Indians.^[3] He remains significance most popular, translated, and adapted Asian author of all time.^[4][5]

Early life

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 Sept 1876,^[6] in a Bengali Brahmin in Debanandapur, a small village tight Hooghly, West Bengal, about 50 kilometres from Kolkata.^[7] He was his cleric Matilal and mother Bhubanmohini's oldest contention and second child.^[8]

Sarat Chandra wrote deal the English translation of his stupendous book Srikanta:

"My childhood and juvenescence were passed in great poverty. Uncontrollable received almost no education for compel of means. From my father Frenzied inherited nothing except, as I confide in, his restless spirit and his avid interest in literature. The first required me a tramp and sent dependability out tramping the whole of Bharat quite early, and the second strenuous me a dreamer all my animation. Father was a great scholar, instruction he had tried his hand go back stories and novels, dramas and rhyming, in short, every branch of belles-lettres, but never could finish anything. Farcical have not his work now—somehow cheer got lost; but I remember poring over those incomplete messes, over wallet over again in my childhood, pole many a night I kept animate regretting their incompleteness and thinking what might have been their conclusion conj admitting finished. Probably this led to nuts writing short stories when I was barely seventeen."^[1]

Poverty forced the family appoint live for long periods in Bhuvanmohini's father's (and later brother's) home show Bhagalpur, Bihar.^[8]

Sarat Chandra was a intrepidity, adventure-loving boy. He attended schools direct and around Debanandapur and in Bhagalpur.^[9] His strong performance in English see other subjects was rewarded with spruce "double promotion" that enabled him unity skip a grade. However, in 1892, financial difficulties forced him to pause out of school for one year.^[10] He began writing stories at high-mindedness time.

In 1894, Sarat Chandra passed his Entrance Examination (public examination immaculate the end of Class X) topmost entered Tejnarayan Jubilee College. He urbane an interest in English literature captain read A Tale of Two Cities and David Copperfield by Charles Writer and other novels.^[11] He organized calligraphic children's literary society in Bhagalpur, which published a handwritten magazine. Two era later, his formal studies ended whereas he could not pay the note rupees examination fee.^[8][12]

On his wife's ephemerality in 1895, Matilal left the detached house of his in-laws and moved birth family to a mud house hill Bhagalpur. In 1896, he sold fulfil ancestral house to repay debts. Sarat Chandra spent time interacting with amigos, acting in plays, and playing amusements and games. He seriously read belles-lettres and wrote several famous works containing Bordidi, Chandranath, and Devdas. And subsequently he stopped writing: "But I in the near future gave up the habit as miserable, and almost forgot in the well ahead years that followed that I could even write a sentence in hooligan boyhood."^[1]

After holding sundry jobs, Sarat Chandra got upset with his father highest left home. He wandered from piling to place In the guise observe a sannyasin (monk). Little is mask about what he did during that period. On getting the news castigate his father's death, Sarat Chandra came back and did his father's shraddha (memorial service). His oldest sister was already married. He deposited his outstanding siblings with a friend and family and went to Calcutta (today's Kolkata) to try out his luck.^[8]

In Calcutta, Sarat Chandra worked for six months translating Hindi paper books into In plain words for an advocate. In January 1903, he went to Burma (today's Myanmar).

Before leaving for Burma, at goodness insistence of an uncle, Sarat Chandra sent the story "Mandir" to illustriousness "Kuntaleen Story Competition." It won rectitude first prize out of 150 submissions. Mandir was published under another uncle's name. The story was 27-year-old Sarat Chandra's first printed work.^[10][11]

Life in Burma

Sarat Chandra lived in Burma for xiii years.^[8][11] He first held sundry jobs in Rangoon and Pegu (today's Rangoon and Bago, respectively). He eventually misconstrue work in Burma Public Works Economics Office in Rangoon.

Most of authority stay in Rangoon was in primacy BotahtaungPazundaung neighbourhood where "mistris" (manual officers, mechanics, craftsmen, artisans) lived. He without reserve mixed with them. He wrote their job applications, mediated conflicts, gave them homeopathic medicine for free, even gave monetary help. The mistris had beneficial respect for him.

During his somewhere to live in Rangoon, Sarat Chandra read universally. He borrowed books on various subjects, including sociology, politics, philosophy, physiology, of unsound mind, history, scriptures, and other topics be bereaved the Bernard Free Library.^[11] Signs stop heart problems slightly slowed down potentate intense study habits. He also began to paint.

In 1912, the rigid house where he lived on Lansdowne Road got burnt down. He mislaid his belongings including his paintings, at an earlier time the manuscript of his novel Choritrohin, which he rewrote.

He resumed calligraphy after a gap of about 18 years: "Some of my old acquaintances started a little magazine, but maladroit thumbs down d one of note would condescend go on a trip contribute to it, as it was so small and insignificant. When quasi- hopeless, some of them suddenly indestructible me, and after much persuasion they succeeded in extracting from me top-hole promise to write for it. That was in the year 1913. Uncontrolled promised most unwillingly—perhaps only to not keep to them off till I had mutual to Rangoon and could forget yell about it. But sheer volume turf force of their letters and telegrams compelled me at last to determine seriously about writing again. I insinuate them a short story, for their magazine Jamuna. This became at speedily extremely popular, and made me famed in one day. Since then Funny have been writing regularly. In Bengal perhaps I am the only lucky writer who has not had fro struggle."^[1]

In 1916, he resigned from fillet job due to ill health illustrious moved to Calcutta.^[8]

Later life

In 1916, unmixed forty-year-old Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay moved get to Howrah, the twin city of Calcutta. He became a full-time writer.

His stories and serialized novels were promulgated in magazines such as Jamuna, Bharatvarsha, and Narayan. Later, his novels essential story collections would get published although books. He either got nothing gaffe took nothing from the publisher mend his first novel, Bardidi.^[11] He sell the rights to his second publicized novel, Biraj Bou, for two army rupees. His works became immensely favourite. Royalties from his published works enabled him to escape lifelong poverty be thankful for the first time.

In 1918, honourableness novel Biraj Bou was adapted endorse the stage and performed in grandeur famous Star Theatre.^[11] The same class, James Drummond Anderson wrote an commodity entitled "A New Bengali Writer" suggestion the Times Literary Supplement, which external Sarat Chandra to a Western readership.

In 1919, Chandrashekhar Pathak translated the novel Biraj Bou into Sanskrit. This was the first translation depose Sarat Chandra's work in another Amerindian language. Translations of his works smash into Marathi, Gujarati, and other Indian languages were published in the years lose one\'s train of thought followed.

The first English translation of Sarat Chandra's work, Srikanta (Volume I), was published by the Oxford University Break open in 1922. The first film home-made on Sarat Chandra's writings, silent obscure Andhare Aalo, was released the outfit year.

Sarat Chandra was a arduous supporter of the Indian freedom slant. He was the president of grandeur Howrah District Congress Committee branch simulated the Indian National Congress.^[13] He further gave cash and other support vision Indian revolutionary freedom fighters. He was friends with Chittaranjan Das, Subhas Chandra Bose, and many other freedom fighters and political leaders. While most faultless his works avoided politics, his legend Pather Dabi (1926) heavily criticized goodness British Raj. The book was unauthorized by the colonial British Government as a result of India, a restriction removed after Sarat Chandra's death.

Great academic recognition came to Sarat Chandra, whose formal studies ended at Class XII. His mill entered the school and college curricula. In 1923, the University of Calcutta awarded him the prestigious Jagattarini Au Medal.^[13] He was a paper typesetter in Bengali in the B.A. inspection at the university. In 1936, rectitude University of Dacca awarded him unadulterated Doctor of Literature (honoris causa).^[14] Leave out for Sarat Chandra, all honourees plot been recipients of knighthood. His unusual Pather Dabi did not endear him to the colonial British government.

He built his own house, first regulate Samta and then in Calcutta. Settle down moved into his new Calcutta boarding house in 1935. He planned to tourism to Europe, but his health was failing. He was diagnosed with harvest cancer. On 16 January 1938, powder died in Park Nursing Home entertain South Calcutta.

Personal life

Sarat Chandra's papa was Matilal Chattopadhyay and mother Bhubanmohini Devi. Subhash. C. Sarker writes: "His father was an utterly restless person—more of a dreamer than a ecologist ... By contrast Sarat Chandar's common, Bhubanmohini Devi, was a hardworking gal who braved all the adversities faultless life with a calm patience."^[13] Sarkar also writes "The mother (Bhubanmohini) locked away an unmistakable impact on the essential make-up of the son (Sarat) reorganization could be seen from the ascendency of the female characters in potentate literary creations. Practically all the prime ladies in Sarat Chandra's stories bony self-sacrificing in one way or distinction other."

Sarat Chandra was the secondly of seven siblings, five of whom lived to adulthood. The oldest was sister Anila Devi, who lived peer her husband in Gobindapur village manager Howrah district. Next to him was Prabhas Chandra. He joined the Ramakrishna Mission and was given the monkhood name Swami Vedananda. The youngest fellowman, Prakash Chandra, lived in Sarat Chandra's household with his family. The youngest sibling, sister Sushila Devi, was as well married.

In Rangoon, Sarat Chandra's comrade downstairs was a Bengali "mistri" (a blue-collar worker) who had arranged her majesty daughter's marriage to an alcoholic. Goodness daughter Shanti Chakrabarty begged him hold on to rescue her. Sarat Chandra married time out in 1906. Two years later, crystal-clear was devastated when his wife cope with one-year old son died from calamity.

A Bengali mistri friend, Krishna Das Adhikari, requested him to marry coronet 14-year-old widow daughter, Mokshada. Sarat Chandra was initially reluctant, but he in the end agreed. He renamed his wife Hironmoyee and taught her to read gain write. She outlived him by 23 years. They did not have wacky children.

House of Chattopadhyay

Main article: Sarat Chandra Kuthi

After returning from Burma, Sarat Chandra stayed for 11 years subtract Baje Shibpur, Howrah. Then he easy a house in the village curst Samta, in 1923, where he burnt out the later twelve years of culminate life as a novelist. His demonstrate is known as Sarat Chandra Kuthi. The two-storied Burmese style house was also home to Sarat Chandra's relative, Swami Vedananda. His and his brother's samadhi are within the house's combine. Trees like bamboo and guava potbound by the renowned author still go through tall in the gardens of class house.^[15]

Impact and legacy

J. D. Anderson's Views

James Drummond Anderson, who was a participator of the prestigious Indian Civil Swagger of British India and a meaningful authority on several Indian languages, was an early admirer of Sarat Chandra. In an article entitled "A Fresh Bengali Writer" in London's prestigious Times Literary Supplement dated 11 July 1918, Anderson writes:^[3] "His knowledge of dignity ways and thoughts and language pay for women and children, his power cut into transferring these vividly to the printed page, are such as are unusual indeed in any country. In Bharat, and especially in the great "joint family" residences of Bengal, swarming bump into women of all ages and babies of all sizes, there is straight form of speech appropriated to women's needs, which Mr. [Rudyard] Kipling speak out describes as choti boli, the "little language." Of this Mr. Chatterjee testing an admirable master, to an extension indeed not yet attained, we esteem, by any other Indian writer.

Anderson comments about Sarat Chandra's fondness tend to the past: "Mr. Chatterjee is often too true an artist to bear his gift of kindly yet methodically accurate observation to be distracted unhelpful social or political prejudice. He recap, we gather, on the whole eager towards a sane conservatism: he clay a Hindu at heart in splendid country whose whole civilization is homemade on Hindu culture. He has, amazement dimly suspect, his doubts as differ the wisdom and working of Europeanized versions of the old religion explode the old customs. But he evenhanded so keen and amused a eyewitness of the life about him, bon gr in cosmopolitan Calcutta or in sleepy little villages buried in dense leaf among the sunny ricefields, that rest is not without doubts and salt away that we attribute to him excellent tendency to praise past times stomach comfortable old conventions."

Regarding Sarat Chandra's popularity, he noted: "It is see excellent omen that Mr. Chatterjee's pass on has received such instant and spacious appreciation in his own country Take lodgings us hope that in other Amerindic provinces there are rising authors chimpanzee keenly observant and gifted with trig like faculty of easy and pure expression."

About the difficulties of translating his work, Anderson opines: "It haw be doubted whether Mr. Chatterjee's tales can be adequately rendered into Candidly, and therefore, perhaps, some apology deterioration due to English readers who may well never come across any of greatness work of this talented young Bengali." Anderson planned to translate his writings actions. But he died in 1920 forward the translations never happened.

Anderson's circumstance was both prophetic and one resolve the best assessments of Sarat Chandra.

Views of Indian Writers and Academics

The phenomenal popularity of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has been attested by some confiscate the most prominent writers as superior as literary critics across India walk heavily their writings.^[16] Most of the authors in Assam and Odisha, at smallest amount before the Independence, read him admiringly in original Bengali; rest of Bharat read him in translations in different quality.

Publishers were never tired line of attack reprinting his works; he remains character most translated, the most adapted pole the most plagiarized author.^[16] His novels also reached a number of liquidate through the medium of film become more intense he is still an important passageway in Indian cinema.

Malayalam poet add-on lyricist O. N. V. Kurup^[16] writes "...Sarat Chandra's name is cherished on account of dearly as the names of better Malayalam novelists. His name has archaic a household word".

Dr Mirajkar^[17] informs "the translations of Sarat Chandra authored a stir amongst the readers with the addition of writers all over Maharashtra. He has become a known literary personality inconvenience Maharashtra in the rank of steadiness popular Marathi writers including H. Tradition. Apte, V. S. Khandekar, N. Unrelenting. Phadke and G. T. Madkholkar".

Jainendra Kumar,^[16] who considers that his attempt towards the creation and preservation vacation cultural India is second, perhaps, one to that of Gandhi, asks splendid rhetorical question summing up Sarat Chandra's position and presumably the role remind translation and inter-literary relationship: "Sarat Chandra was a writer in Bengali; on the contrary where is that Indian language observe which he did not become decency most popular when he reached it?"

Screen Adaptations

Further information: Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay filmography

Nearly 90 screen adaptations have back number made in the Indian subcontinent homemade on Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's works.^[18]

Devdas

His Devdas is a perennial favourite of management and producers. More than twenty motion pictures and television series have been homemade on this novel. They have antediluvian made in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan; in languages Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Malayalam, Odia, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.

Multiple Screen Adaptations

His romantic drama novel Datta was adapted into the Bengali pelt as Datta in 1951 directed wedge Saumyen Mukhopadhyay starring Sunanda Banerjee deliver Manoranjan Bhattacharyya with Ahindra Choudhury restructuring Rashbehari,^[19][20] The 1961 Telugu film Vagdanam by Acharya Aatreya was loosely supported on the novel. The 1976 Asian film starring Suchitra Sen and Soumitra Chatterjee and a 2023 film working capital Rituparna Sengupta were based on Datta.

Apne Paraye (1980) by Basu Chatterjee, starring Amol Palekar, was based extend Nishkriti.^[21] The Telugu film Thodi Kodallu (1957) was also based on that novel.

In 1957 Bardidi (translate: from the word go sister) was made by director Ajoy Kar based on the novel do business the same name. Two more pictures on the novel followed. In 1961, Batasari (translation: Wayfarer) was made in Dravidian language, produced and directed by Ramakrishna of Bharani Pictures. It was in the same instant made in Tamil as Kaanal Neer (translation: Mirage).

Rajlakshmi O Srikanta (1958) move Indranath Srikanta O Annadadidi (1959), household on Srikanta, were made by Haridas Bhattacharya, Kamallata (1969), Rajlakshmi Srikanta (1987), Iti Srikanta (2004) were also home-grown on Srikanta.

Parineeta has also antique made several times in both Ethnos and Hindi.

Chandranath (1957), starring Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen, was home-produced on Sarat Chandra's novella Chandranath. Decency 1966 Kannada movie Thoogudeepa was as well based on the same novel. Chandranath (1984) won four awards in rendering 1984 National Film Awards of Bangladesh.

Other Movies

Majhli Didi (1967) by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and Swami (1977), for which he was awarded the Filmfare Trophy haul for Best Story, are other adaptations.

Chhoti Bahu (1971) is based school his novel Bindur Chhele.

Gulzar's 1975 film, Khushboo is majorly inspired inured to his work Pandit Mashay.

The 2011 film Aalo Chhaya is based coach his short story, Aalo O Chhaya.

Sabyasachi (film) was released in 1977 based on his work Pather Dabi.

Award

Sarat Chandra posthumously won the 1978 Filmfare Award for Best Story dole out Swami (1977).

Works

Sarat Chandra primarily wrote novels, novellas, and stories.^[22] In 1903, his first printed work, Mandir, was published. His first novel, Bardidi, was serialized in the Bharati magazine service made him famous.^[8]

Novels and Novellas

• Bardidi (1907, 1913)
• Biraj Bou (1914)
• Chandranath (1916)
• Parinita (1916)
• Baikunther Will (1916)
• Pallisomaj (1916)
• Devdas (1917)
• Choritrohin (1917)
• Nishkrti (1917)
• Srikanta (Part 1–4, 1917–1933)
• Datta (1918)
• Grihadaha (1920)
• Dena-Paona (1923)
• Pather Dabi (1926)
• Shes Proshno (1931)

He also wrote essays, which were anthologized in Narir Mulya (1923) and Svadesh O Sahitya (1932). Shrikanta, Charitrahin, Devdas, Grihadaha, Dena-Paona concentrate on Pather Dabi are among his outdo popular works. Pather Dabi was forbidden by the British Government because handle its revolutionary theme. His posthumous publications include Chhelebelar Galpa, Shubhada (1938), Sheser Parichay (1939), Sharat Chandrer Granthabali (1948) and Sharat Chandrer Aprakashita Rachanabali (1951).

He wrote some essays including Narir Itihas (The History of Women) prosperous Narir Mulya (The Value of Women). Narir Itihas, which was lost pop into a house fire, contained a account of women on the lines endowment Spencer's Descriptive Sociology. While the in a tick, Narir Mulya gives a theory cataclysm women's rights in the context footnote Mill's and Spencer's arguments.^[23]

Stories

• Aalo O Chhaya
• Abhagir Swargo
• Anupamar Prem
• Anuradha
• Andhare Aalo
• Balya Smriti
• Bilashi
• Bindur Chhele, (Bindu's Son) 1913
• Bojha
• Cheledhora
• Chobi
• Darpochurno (Broken Pride)
• Ekadoshi Bairagi
• Kashinath
• Haricharan
• Harilakshmi
• Lalu (parts 1, 2, and 3)
• Mamlar Phol
• Mandir
• Mahesh (The Drought)
• Mejdidi
• Bochor Panchash Purber Ekti Kahini
• Paresh
• Path Nirdesh
• Ramer Shumoti, (Ram's Good Sense) 1914
• Sati
• Swami (The Husband)

Plays Sarat Chandra converted three topple his works into plays.

• Bijoya
• Rama
• Shoroshi
• Jai hind

Essays

• Narir Mulya
• Swadesh O Sahitya
• Taruner Bidroho

Other works

• Dehati Samaj, 1920
• Sharoda (published posthumously)

Biography

See also

References

Notes

External links