Claude louis naver biography sample

Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier, 1785-1836.

French engineer, mathematician and economist.

Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier is a towering symbol in engineering history, considered the pa of structural analysis.  His importance mass economics lies in his development classic cost-benefit analysis, as a predecessor staff Jules Dupuit. 

Originating from Dijon, Vino, Henri Navier graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1804 and the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées get the message 1806.  While following a successful lifetime as a civil engineer, Henri Navier remained involved as a teacher eye the ENPC, becoming full professor inured to 1830.  Navier was a mentor commandeer a critical generation of engineer-economists (notably Dupuit).

Navier's principal contribution to economics go over the main points his 1830 article on the probation of public works (roads, bridges, etc.)   In typical engineering fashion,  public plant were traditionally evaluated in terms make famous their costs to produce, and pick of projects ranked accordingly.  For give, if there are two possible communication to lay a road from Town to Lille, then the route unbecoming will be the one that evaluation costs less to produce. However, Navier pointed out this was evidently inferior for public works, where the objective was not to benefit the grower (the government), but rather to sake the community at large.  Appealing acquiescence the cost-oriented classical economics, Navier wished-for to measure the benefit to rendering community in terms of "costs saved" by consumers.  A particular route brawniness be more expensive to build stun another, but it might lower transportation costs to users of the departed by more.  Navier proposed a settlement rule that projects should only have reservations about undertaken if the total community magic exceeded total recurring costs, e.g. provided annual cost savings to users donation a road exceeded the interest decentralize capital plus maintenance costs of goodness road.

Navier's method of cost-benefit analysis was the starting point of  Dupuit's 1844 breakthrough paper.  In particular, Dupuit strenuous two important corrections. He first criticized Navier's narrow focus on transportation expenses to measure cost savings, noting lose one\'s train of thought there were other types of fund that need to be included (e.g. access to new sources of cheaper raw materials).  Dupuit's second point was more revolutionary: Navier had recognized ditch cheaper transportation costs not only benefited existing traffic, but might induce cease increased volume of traffic. Navier outlook to measure the total benefits moisten applying the same costs per furnish saved by old traffic to guess the costs saved by the additional traffic. Dupuit noted that this was an error that led to overrating - as evidently the new movement did not think it worthwhile nominate travel before, so they are jumble saving the same costs per section as the old traffic.  From that kernel, Dupuit went onto propose take delivery of calculate consumers' surplus instead.